Abbreviations

医学略語

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略語	全文	出現
11β-HSD2	11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2	19
17-OHCS	17-hydroxycorticosteroids	2
17-OHP	17-hydroxyprogesterone	61
177Lu-DOTATATE	lutetium-177 DOTATATE	4
18F-FDG PET	fluorine-18 FDG PET	3
18F-FDOPA	fluorine-18 fluorodopa	1
2-HG	2-hydroxyglutarate	11
2MWT	two-minute walk test	19
5-FU	5-fluorouracil	90
5-HIAA	5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid	50
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT	gallium-68 DOTATATE PET/CT	8
6MWT	6-minute walk test	18
ABCA1	ATP-binding cassette transporter A1	35
ABI	ankle-brachial index	79
ABPA	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis	73
ABUS	automated breast ultrasound	1
ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme	972
ACE2	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	40
ACG	American College of Gastroenterology	324
AChE	acetylcholinesterase	157
ACIP	Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices	14
ACPA	anti-citrullinated protein antibody	35
ACR TI-RADS	American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System	10
ACTH	adrenocorticotropic hormone	724
ADC	apparent diffusion coefficient	112
ADCC	antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity	61
ADHD	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	152
ADL	activities of daily living	63
AF	atrial fibrillation	707
AFP	alpha-fetoprotein	286
AGA	androgenetic alopecia	50
AGEs	advanced glycation end products	19
AhR	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	39
AICA	anterior inferior cerebellar artery	2
AIDS	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	636
AIMS	Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)	4
AJCC	American Joint Committee on Cancer	51
ALARA	as low as reasonably achievable	19
ALDP	adrenoleukodystrophy protein	7
ALI	acute limb ischemia	36
ALL	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	146
ALP	alkaline phosphatase	171
ALT	alanine aminotransferase	350
AMH	anti-Müllerian hormone	304
AML	acute myeloid leukemia	185
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase	83
AMPnoPRO	Amputee Mobility Predictor without prosthesis	17
AMPPRO	Amputee Mobility Predictor with prosthesis	17
AMPPRO/AMPnoPRO	AMP with prosthesis / AMP without prosthesis	2
ANA	antinuclear antibody	240
ANC	absolute neutrophil count	357
ANCA	antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody	812
AOSC	acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis	1
aPL	antiphospholipid antibody	18
APL	acute promyelocytic leukemia	78
aPTT	activated partial thromboplastin time	181
APTT	activated partial thromboplastin time	77
ARB	angiotensin II receptor blocker	246
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome	333
ARNI	angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor	77
ASCVD	atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease	85
ASPECTS	Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score	25
AST	aspartate aminotransferase	272
ASWPD	advanced sleep-wake phase disorder	1
ATA	American Thyroid Association	114
ATL	adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma	91
ATLS	Advanced Trauma Life Support	47
ATRA	all-trans retinoic acid	40
ATS	American Thoracic Society	44
AUA-7	American Urological Association Symptom Index	2
AUC	area under the curve	70
AUDIT	Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test	20
AUDIT-C	Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption	3
AUROC	area under the receiver operating characteristic curve	6
AUS	atypia of undetermined significance	7
AVM	arteriovenous malformation	71
AVP	arginine vasopressin	130
AVPU	alert, voice, pain, unresponsive	27
AWGS	Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia	3
BADL	basic activities of daily living	2
BAL	bronchoalveolar lavage	131
BCG	bacille Calmette-Guerin	125
BCYE	buffered charcoal yeast extract	8
bDMARD	biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug	43
BEP	bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin	40
BH4	tetrahydrobiopterin	196
BI-RADS	Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System	11
BMI	body mass index	192
BNP	B-type natriuretic peptide	135
BOOIf	female bladder outlet obstruction index	1
BOS	bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome	3
BPaLM	BPaLM regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, moxifloxacin)	31
BPSD	behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia	15
BRUE	brief resolved unexplained event	1
BSA	body surface area	37
BSEP	bile salt export pump	10
BSG	British Society of Gastroenterology	34
BSI	Bronchiectasis Severity Index	12
BSL-2	biosafety level 2	5
BSL-3	biosafety level 3	17
BSL-4	biosafety level 4	11
BUN	blood urea nitrogen	94
C1s	complement C1s	28
C3-C6	typical cervical vertebrae	1
C5b-9	membrane attack complex	48
CA-125	cancer antigen 125	91
CA-AKI	contrast-associated acute kidney injury	8
CA27-29	CA 27-29	14
CAAT	COPD Assessment Test	15
CAAT/CAT	COPD Assessment Test	14
CABG	coronary artery bypass grafting	42
CAC	coronary artery calcium	4
CAGE	CAGE questionnaire	20
CAGE-AID	CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs	1
CALR	calreticulin gene	23
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate	299
CANMAT	Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments	20
CARPA	complement activation-related pseudoallergy	1
CASS	Composite Autonomic Severity Score	7
CBC	complete blood count	95
CBCT	cone-beam computed tomography	7
CBT	cognitive behavioral therapy	44
CCFA	cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar	2
CCHF	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	19
CCK	cholecystokinin	26
CCR4	CC chemokine receptor 4	26
CD117	CD117 (c-KIT)	45
CD30	CD30	111
CDAI	Clinical Disease Activity Index	5
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	829
CDI	Clostridioides difficile infection	118
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen	102
CETP	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	16
CGI-I	Clinical Global Impression-Improvement	3
CGI-S	Clinical Global Impression-Severity	2
CHA2DS2-VA	CHA2DS2-VA score	8
CHA2DS2-VASc	CHA2DS2-VASc score	11
CHADS2	CHADS2 score	1
CHAMP	Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor	24
ChAT	choline acetyltransferase	6
Child-Pugh	Child-Pugh classification	97
CHT1	high-affinity choline transporter 1	4
CIN	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia	172
CIWA-Ar	Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised	23
CK	creatine kinase	612
CK-MB	creatine kinase-MB	91
CKD	chronic kidney disease	259
CKD-MBD	chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder	22
CLI	critical limb ischemia	10
CLIFT	Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test	2
CLSI	Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute	42
CLTI	chronic limb-threatening ischemia	19
CML	chronic myeloid leukemia	210
CMV	cytomegalovirus	299
CNN	convolutional neural network	9
CO-RADS	COVID-19 Reporting and Data System	3
COMT	catechol-O-methyltransferase	99
CoNS	coagulase-negative staphylococci	58
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	418
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019	384
COX	cyclooxygenase	257
COX-1	cyclooxygenase-1	47
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2	171
CPT-I	carnitine palmitoyltransferase I	5
CPT-II	carnitine palmitoyltransferase II	1
CRAB	carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii	90
CrAg	cryptococcal antigen	24
CRP	C-reactive protein	366
CRSWD	circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder	0
CRT	cardiac resynchronization therapy	43
csDMARD	conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug	43
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid	616
CSWS	continuous spike-and-wave during slow-wave sleep	5
CT	computed tomography	5912
CTA	computed tomography angiography	170
CTCAE	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events	11
CTCL	cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	37
CTL	cytotoxic T lymphocyte	40
cTNM	clinical TNM	7
CURB-65	Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age 65 score	25
CVID	common variable immunodeficiency	86
CY-BOCS	Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale	2
CYP	cytochrome P450	357
CYP11B1	11-beta-hydroxylase	15
CYP1A2	cytochrome P450 1A2	127
CYP2D6	cytochrome P450 2D6	322
CYP3A4	cytochrome P450 3A4	857
CYP450	cytochrome P450	64
DAA	direct-acting antiviral	121
DAG	diacylglycerol	62
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns	5
DAPT	dual antiplatelet therapy	64
DAS28	Disease Activity Score in 28 joints	32
DAT	direct antiglobulin test	40
DBT	digital breast tomosynthesis	14
DCIS	ductal carcinoma in situ	123
DEC	diethylcarbamazine	64
DEE-SWAS	developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep	7
DFA	direct fluorescent antibody	24
dFLC	Difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains	2
DFNS	German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain	2
DHCA	dihydroxycholestanoic acid	0
DHEA	dehydroepiandrosterone	185
DHEA-S	DHEA sulfate	46
DHEAS	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate	23
DHT	dihydrotestosterone	79
DIC	disseminated intravascular coagulation	334
DICOM	Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine	2
DIHS	drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome	30
DILI	drug-induced liver injury	46
DISI	dorsal intercalated segment instability	2
DKA	diabetic ketoacidosis	339
DLCO	diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide	78
DLMO	dim light melatonin onset	2
DLQI	Dermatology Life Quality Index	21
DMARD	disease-modifying antirheumatic drug	129
DMSA	dimercaptosuccinic acid	49
DMT1	divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)	2
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid	3522
DOAC	direct oral anticoagulant	88
DOTANOC	DOTANOC	2
DOTATATE	DOTATATE	20
DOTATOC	DOTATOC	2
DPP-4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4	199
DRESS	drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	130
DSM	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders	64
DSM-5	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition	44
DSWPD	delayed sleep-wake phase disorder	1
DTaP	diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine	38
DTPA	diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid	10
DTR	difficult-to-treat resistance	32
DVT	deep vein thrombosis	160
DWI	diffusion-weighted imaging	30
DXA	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	43
EASI	Eczema Area and Severity Index	15
EASI-50	EASI 50 response	2
EASI-75	EASI 75 response	2
EASI-90	EASI 90 response	2
EASL	European Association for the Study of the Liver	170
EAU	European Association of Urology	216
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus	256
ECCO	European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation	29
ECIBC	European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer	4
ECM	extracellular matrix	90
ECMO	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	189
ECOG PS	ECOG performance status	9
EDTA	ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid	55
EE-SWAS	epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS)	20
EEE	eastern equine encephalitis	13
EEEV	eastern equine encephalitis virus	5
eFAST	extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma	50
eGFR	estimated glomerular filtration rate	243
EIA	enzyme immunoassay	111
EITB	enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot	2
EKC	epidemic keratoconjunctivitis	10
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	353
EMA-CO	etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine	15
ENaC	epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)	52
EOSS	Edmonton Obesity Staging System	15
EOSS-P	pediatric Edmonton Obesity Staging System	1
EpCAM	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	2
EPCAM	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	5
EPO	erythropoietin	86
ERCP	endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	135
EREFS	EREFS (EoE Endoscopic Reference Score)	2
ERP	exposure and response prevention	37
ERS	European Respiratory Society	23
ESBL	extended-spectrum β-lactamase	121
ESC	European Society of Cardiology	1036
ESCMID	European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases	70
ESES	electrical status epilepticus in sleep	5
ESH	European Society of Hypertension	18
ESR	erythrocyte sedimentation rate	128
ESST	Edgren Side Step Test	5
ESUR	European Society of Urogenital Radiology	43
EU	European Union	2716
EUCAST	European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing	31
EULAR	European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology	627
EUS-FNA	endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration	10
EVALI	e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury	11
EVAR	endovascular aneurysm repair	19
EWGSOP2	European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2	11
FAC	Functional Ambulation Category	33
FAD	flavin adenine dinucleotide	49
FcRn	neonatal Fc receptor	39
FDA	Food and Drug Administration	1590
FDG	fluorodeoxyglucose	429
FDG-PET	FDG PET	73
FDG-PET/CT	FDG PET/CT	25
FDP	fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products	29
FdUMP	FdUMP (fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate)	1
FESD	flexible endoscopic septum division	1
FEV1	forced expiratory volume in one second	77
FEV₁	forced expiratory volume in one second	85
FGF23	fibroblast growth factor 23	62
FGFR	fibroblast growth factor receptor	143
FIB-4	Fibrosis-4 index	52
FIM	Functional Independence Measure	25
FISH	fluorescence in situ hybridization	121
FKBP-12	FK506-binding protein 12	4
FLAIR	fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)	73
FMT	fecal microbiota transplantation	41
FNA	fine-needle aspiration	92
FNAB	fine-needle aspiration biopsy	4
FODMAP	fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols	26
FOLFIRI	FOLFIRI regimen	14
FOLFIRINOX	FOLFIRINOX regimen	29
FOLFOX	FOLFOX regimen	40
FRAX	Fracture Risk Assessment Tool	65
FSH	follicle-stimulating hormone	681
FT3	free triiodothyronine	13
FT4	free thyroxine	106
FTA-ABS	fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption	12
FTCD	Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence	4
FTND	Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence	6
FTND-ST	Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco	1
FTQ	Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire	2
FVC	forced vital capacity	148
FXR	farnesoid X receptor	43
G-CSF	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor	57
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	345
GABA	gamma-aminobutyric acid	568
GAE	granulomatous amebic encephalitis	12
GAN	generative adversarial network	10
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	4
GARFT	glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase	12
Gb3	globotriaosylceramide (Gb3)	24
GC-MS	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2
GCS	Glasgow Coma Scale	111
GDH	glutamate dehydrogenase	42
GEP-NET	gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor	6
GFR	glomerular filtration rate	406
GGT	gamma-glutamyl transferase	71
GINA	Global Initiative for Asthma	132
GIST	gastrointestinal stromal tumor	170
GLASS	Global Limb Anatomic Staging System	2
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1	413
GLUT1	glucose transporter 1	68
GLUT2	glucose transporter 2	21
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4	74
glypican-3	glypican-3	8
GnRH	gonadotropin-releasing hormone	446
GOLD	Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease	272
GOT	glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase	5
GPIb	glycoprotein Ib	31
GPIIb/IIIa	glycoprotein IIb/IIIa	12
GPR109A	niacin receptor GPR109A	4
GPRC5D	GPRC5D	24
GPT	glutamic pyruvic transaminase	4
GPU	graphics processing unit	2
GTR/STR	gross total resection/subtotal resection	0
GVHD	graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)	234
HAART	highly active antiretroviral therapy	6
HACEK	Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella	55
HAdV	human adenovirus	13
HAM/TSP	HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis	31
HAS-BLED	HAS-BLED score	1
HAT	human African trypanosomiasis	20
HAV	hepatitis A virus	68
HbA1c	glycated haemoglobin A1c	532
HbA2	hemoglobin A2	33
HbF	fetal hemoglobin	64
HBV	hepatitis B virus	914
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma	134
hCG	human chorionic gonadotropin	320
HCV	hepatitis C virus	518
HDAC	histone deacetylase	47
HDL	high-density lipoprotein	233
HDL-C	HDL cholesterol	42
HDP	hydroxymethylene diphosphonate	5
HDU	high-dependency unit	2
HELLP	haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets	101
HER2	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2	541
hERG	human ether-a-go-go-related gene	18
HEV	hepatitis E virus	74
HFmrEF	heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction	104
HFpEF	heart failure with preserved ejection fraction	22
HFrEF	heart failure with reduced ejection fraction	73
HGPRT	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	47
HHS	hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state	108
HHV6/7	human herpesvirus 6/7	1
HIE	hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	23
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor	266
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus	983
HIV-1	human immunodeficiency virus type 1	237
HIV-2	human immunodeficiency virus type 2	62
HLA	human leukocyte antigen	983
HLA-B27	human leukocyte antigen B27	129
HMG-CoA	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A	127
HMGB1	high mobility group box 1	4
HoFH	homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia	4
HPA	hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal	104
HPIV	human parainfluenza virus	14
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography	15
HPV	human papillomavirus	996
HRCT	high-resolution computed tomography	52
hrHPV	high-risk human papillomavirus	51
HRP2	histidine-rich protein 2	7
HSCT	hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	71
HSI	Heaviness of Smoking Index	5
HSIL	high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion	87
HSV	herpes simplex virus	613
HSV-1	herpes simplex virus type 1	111
HSV-2	herpes simplex virus type 2	78
HTLV-1	human T-cell leukemia virus type 1	127
htTKV	height-adjusted total kidney volume	11
HU	Hounsfield unit	216
HUS	hemolytic uremic syndrome	255
HVA	homovanillic acid (HVA)	11
IABP	intra-aortic balloon pump	41
IADL	instrumental activities of daily living	9
IASP	International Association for the Study of Pain	38
IAT	Illinois Agility Test	7
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease	188
IBS	irritable bowel syndrome	195
ICANS	immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS)	58
ICBD	International Criteria for Behçet's Disease	16
ICSH	International Council for Standardization in Haematology	8
ICTV	International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses	72
ICU	intensive care unit	179
IDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase	222
IDL	intermediate-density lipoprotein	20
IDSA	Infectious Diseases Society of America	431
IE	infective endocarditis	150
IENFD	intraepidermal nerve fiber density	12
IFA	immunofluorescence assay	21
IgG ELISA	IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	14
IgG1	immunoglobulin G1	50
IgG2	immunoglobulin G2	12
IgG4	immunoglobulin G4	148
IGRA	interferon-gamma release assay	24
IKr	rapid delayed rectifier potassium current	2
IL-13	interleukin-13	131
IL-2	interleukin-2	202
IL-31	interleukin-31	8
IL-31RA	IL-31 receptor A	6
IL-4	interleukin-4	132
IL-4Rα	IL-4 receptor alpha	65
IL-5Rα	IL-5 receptor alpha	10
ILD-GAP	ILD-GAP index	2
IMiD	immunomodulatory drug	39
iNPH	idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	33
INR	international normalized ratio	255
INSTI	integrase strand transfer inhibitor	52
IOTA	International Ovarian Tumor Analysis	6
IP3	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate	49
IPF	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	38
IPI	International Prognostic Index	44
IRDS	infant respiratory distress syndrome	15
IRI	immunoreactive insulin	115
IRIS	immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome	92
IRS	insulin receptor substrate	102
ISI	international sensitivity index	8
ISTH-BAT	ISTH Bleeding Assessment Tool	7
ISWRD	irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder	1
ITP	immune thrombocytopenia	80
IUD	intrauterine device	126
IVIG	intravenous immunoglobulin	308
IVR	interventional radiology	46
JAK	Janus kinase	375
JAK1	Janus kinase 1	59
JAK2	Janus kinase 2 gene	81
JAK3	Janus kinase 3	23
JTc	corrected JT interval	1
K-level	Medicare Functional Classification Level	38
KATP	ATP-sensitive potassium channel	29
KCNH2	KCNH2 gene	3
KCNQ1	KCNQ1 gene	6
KCS	keratoconjunctivitis sicca	5
KDAC	Kienbock disease advanced collapse	3
KDIGO	Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes	108
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	1
KES	Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia	21
Ki-67	Ki-67 proliferation index	50
KOH	potassium hydroxide	203
KPC	Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase	75
KPS	Karnofsky Performance Status	4
KSHV	Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus	47
LABA	long-acting beta2-agonist	110
LADA	latent autoimmune diabetes in adults	39
LAMA	long-acting muscarinic antagonist	91
LAMP	loop-mediated isothermal amplification	3
larva currens	larva currens	3
LAST	Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology	23
LC-MS/MS	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	23
LCAT	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	55
LCDD	light chain deposition disease	12
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase	294
LDL	low-density lipoprotein	522
LDL-C	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	554
LEEP	loop electrosurgical excision procedure	3
LFA	lateral flow assay	18
LGMD	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy	35
LGV	lymphogranuloma venereum	77
LH	luteinizing hormone	649
LI-RADS	Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System	5
LKS	Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS)	0
LL-37	cathelicidin LL-37	6
Lp(a)	lipoprotein(a)	12
LPL	lipoprotein lipase	61
LpX	lipoprotein X	4
LQT1	long QT syndrome type 1	1
LQT2	long QT syndrome type 2	1
LQT3	long QT syndrome type 3	1
LSIL	low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion	56
LTRA	leukotriene receptor antagonist	21
LVAD	left ventricular assist device	26
LVEF	left ventricular ejection fraction	165
LXR	liver X receptor	23
lyso-Gb3	globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3)	8
M4Eo	acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia	1
MAA	macroaggregated albumin	6
MAC	Mycobacterium avium complex	243
MAG3	mercaptoacetyltriglycine	15
MALDI-TOF	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight	31
MALDI-TOF MS	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry	4
MAO	monoamine oxidase	684
MAO-A	monoamine oxidase A	43
MAO-B	monoamine oxidase B	42
MART	maintenance and reliever therapy	48
MASLD	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease	140
MASP-2	mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2	11
MCAD	medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	63
MCHC	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	13
MCI	mild cognitive impairment	25
MCID	minimal clinically important difference	2
MCV	mean corpuscular volume	133
MDA	mass drug administration	11
MDC	minimal detectable change	10
MDMA	3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)	8
MDP	methylene diphosphonate	13
MDR-TB	multidrug-resistant tuberculosis	22
MDS	myelodysplastic syndrome	115
MELAS	mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)	13
MELD 3.0	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease 3.0	8
MELD-Na	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium	3
MEN1	multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	43
MEN2	multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2	86
MenABCWY	MenABCWY vaccine	5
MenACWY	MenACWY vaccine	9
MenB	MenB vaccine	9
MERRF	myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)	13
MEWS	Modified Early Warning Score	7
MF/SS	mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome	2
mFARS	modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale	2
MFCL	Medicare Functional Classification Level	0
mGPS	modified Glasgow Prognostic Score	13
MGRS	monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance	9
MGUS	monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance	36
MHRA	Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency	66
MIBG	metaiodobenzylguanidine	90
MIBI	methoxyisobutylisonitrile	4
MIC	minimum inhibitory concentration	302
MIC90	minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates	11
MIDD	monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease	10
MINOCA	myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries	20
Mirels score	Mirels score	2
MLO	mediolateral oblique	2
MLPA	multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)	15
MMAE	monomethyl auristatin E	22
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase	113
mMRC	modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale	32
MMSE	Mini-Mental State Examination	27
MMT	manual muscle testing	0
MoCA	Montreal Cognitive Assessment	24
MODY	maturity-onset diabetes of the young	42
Motherisk-PUQE	Motherisk Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea	1
MPL	MPL gene	27
MPNST	malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor	55
MPO-ANCA	myeloperoxidase ANCA	23
MRCP	magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography	100
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging	1072
MRI FLAIR	FLAIR MRI	1
MRSA	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	320
MSM	men who have sex with men	28
MTHFR	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	39
MTX	methotrexate	197
MUAC	mid-upper arm circumference	3
MutLα	MutL alpha complex	1
MutSα	MutS alpha complex	2
N24SWD	non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder	3
Na/K ATPase	sodium-potassium ATPase	1
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase	sodium-potassium ATPase	30
NAAT	nucleic acid amplification test	181
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)	152
NAFLD	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	98
NALD	neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy	2
NAPQI	N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine	43
NASCET	North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial	14
NCCN-IPI	NCCN International Prognostic Index	5
NDM	New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase	31
NDMA	N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)	12
NEAR	nicking enzyme amplification reaction	4
NERD	nonerosive reflux disease	4
Neuropad	Neuropad test	13
NEWS/NEWS2	National Early Warning Score / NEWS2	7
NEXUS	National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study	2
NFAT	nuclear factor of activated T cells	6
NHANES III	Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	2
NICE	National Institute for Health and Care Excellence	374
NIFTP	noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features	8
NIHSS	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale	26
NIS	sodium-iodide symporter	36
NNRTI	non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	56
NNT	number needed to treat	31
non-HDL-C	non-HDL cholesterol	11
NPC1L1	Niemann-Pick C1-like 1	32
NPH	neutral protamine Hagedorn	46
NPO	nil per os	2
NQO1	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	1
nr-axSpA	nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis	1
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	6
NRTI	nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	92
NSAID	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	885
NSAIDs	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	483
NSCLC	non-small cell lung cancer	116
NSF	nephrogenic systemic fibrosis	66
NSIAD	nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD)	1
NSTE-ACS	non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome	23
NSTEMI	non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction	18
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide	34
NTM	nontuberculous mycobacteria	18
NVP	nausea and vomiting of pregnancy	10
NYHA	New York Heart Association	48
O-RADS	Ovarian-Adnexal Imaging Reporting and Data System	40
O-RADS US	Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound	10
OAB	overactive bladder	24
OCT4	OCT4 (POU5F1)	7
OGTT	oral glucose tolerance test	142
os acromiale	os acromiale	0
OSMR	oncostatin M receptor beta	1
Oxford Shoulder Score	Oxford Shoulder Score	2
P-CAB	potassium-competitive acid blocker	35
P2Y1	P2Y1 receptor	1
P2Y12	P2Y12 receptor	38
PABA	para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA	13
PaCO2	arterial carbon dioxide tension	45
PAD	peripheral artery disease	50
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1	35
PAIR	puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration	29
PAMORA	peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist	14
PaO2	arterial oxygen partial pressure	22
PaO2/FiO2	PaO2/FiO2 ratio	10
PAPS	3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate	3
PASI	Psoriasis Area and Severity Index	40
PBD	peroxisome biogenesis disorder	4
PBP	penicillin-binding protein	131
PBP2	penicillin-binding protein 2	38
PC-AKI	post-contrast acute kidney injury	2
PC1/3	prohormone convertase 1/3	1
PC2	prohormone convertase 2	1
PC20	provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1	9
PCA	posterior cerebral artery	20
PCA-1	Purkinje cell antibody 1	1
PCA3	prostate cancer antigen 3	2
PCAB	potassium-competitive acid blocker	9
PCI	percutaneous coronary intervention	123
PCR	polymerase chain reaction	1432
PCSK9	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	224
PD20	provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1	13
PDE5	phosphodiesterase type 5	281
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor	86
PDGFR	platelet-derived growth factor receptor	111
PDGFRA	platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA)	60
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase	23
PEComa	perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)	5
PEF	peak expiratory flow	58
PEPCK	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	10
PERCIST	PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors	19
PERCIST 1.0	PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0	1
PERM	progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus	3
PET	positron emission tomography	426
PET-CT	positron emission tomography–computed tomography	173
PET/CT	positron emission tomography–computed tomography	275
PfEMP1	Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1	2
PFK-1	phosphofructokinase-1	1
PGI2	prostaglandin I2	27
PHMB	polyhexamethylene biguanide	12
PI-RADS	Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System	8
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase	144
PICA	posterior inferior cerebellar artery	5
Pierre Robin sequence	Pierre Robin sequence	16
PIP2	phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate	28
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate	25
PKM2	pyruvate kinase M2	4
PKU	phenylketonuria	98
PLP	pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	44
PMBC	percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy	23
PML	progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy	221
POCUS	point-of-care ultrasound	43
POEM	Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure	38
PORT score	Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team score	1
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor	136
PPARα	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	36
PPE	personal protective equipment	10
PPF	progressive pulmonary fibrosis	38
PPGL	pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma	39
PPI	proton pump inhibitor	303
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway	14
PR3-ANCA	proteinase 3-ANCA	24
pre-XDR-TB	pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	6
PrEP	pre-exposure prophylaxis	93
PREVENT-ASCVD	Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs — atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease	2
PREVENT-CVD	Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs — cardiovascular disease	4
PREVENT-HF	Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs — heart failure	1
PRO	patient-reported outcome	105
PRPP	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate	15
PRRT	peptide receptor radionuclide therapy	14
PSA	prostate-specific antigen	293
PSI	Pneumonia Severity Index	25
PSMA	prostate-specific membrane antigen	62
PSMA-11	PSMA-targeting ligand 11 (gozetotide)	2
PSMA-617	PSMA-targeting ligand 617 (vipivotide tetraxetan)	13
PSMA-PET	PSMA PET	2
PSTT	placental site trophoblastic tumor	12
PT	prothrombin time	1065
PT-INR	prothrombin time-international normalized ratio	11
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog	108
PTH	parathyroid hormone	330
pTNM	pathological TNM	18
PTU	propylthiouracil	140
PUQE-24	24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea	6
PUVA	psoralen plus ultraviolet A	39
PXR	pregnane X receptor	29
QOL	quality of life	90
QSART	quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test	63
qSOFA	quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment	27
QST	quantitative sensory testing	20
QTc	corrected QT interval	42
QTcF	Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF)	7
R-IPI	Revised International Prognostic Index	2
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system	192
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products	5
RAPD	relative afferent pupillary defect	61
RCDP	rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata	29
RDT	rapid diagnostic test	4
RDW	red cell distribution width	20
REMS	Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy	46
riMLF	rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF	1
RNA	ribonucleic acid	1534
ROC	receiver operating characteristic	114
RPGN	rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis	68
RPR	rapid plasma reagin	54
RR-TB	rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis	29
RSNA	Radiological Society of North America	6
RSV	respiratory syncytial virus	93
RT-PCR	reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction	150
RTOG	Radiation Therapy Oncology Group	12
RUSP	recommended Uniform Screening Panel	4
rWFNS	reassessed WFNS grade	1
SABA	short-acting β2-agonist	273
SALL4	SALL4 (spalt-like transcription factor 4)	20
SAMA	short-acting muscarinic antagonist	37
SAMHSA	Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration	2
Sanz risk score	Sanz risk score	4
SBMA	spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA)	3
SCC-KA	squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma type	3
SCCT	Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography	6
SCN5A	SCN5A gene	3
SCORAD	SCORing Atopic Dermatitis	24
SCORE2	Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2	13
SCORE2-OP	SCORE2-Older Persons	12
SCORTEN	SCORTEN	17
SDS	sodium dodecyl sulfate	48
SDS-PAGE	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	18
Sepsis-3	Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock	4
SERM	selective estrogen receptor modulator	43
SGLT1	sodium-glucose cotransporter 1	43
SGLT2	sodium-glucose cotransporter 2	515
SHEA	Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America	82
SIADH	syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion	88
SIRS	systemic inflammatory response syndrome	50
SJC28	28-joint swollen joint count	4
SJS/TEN	Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis	99
SLAC	scapholunate advanced collapse	6
SLNB	sentinel lymph node biopsy	12
SLS	single-leg stance	9
SMA	superior mesenteric artery	159
SMA/SMV	superior mesenteric artery/superior mesenteric vein	1
SNRI	serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor	221
SpA	spondyloarthritis	53
SPECT	single-photon emission computed tomography	95
SPECT/CT	SPECT/CT	7
SpO2	peripheral oxygen saturation	67
SPPB	Short Physical Performance Battery	1
SPS-plus	stiff-person syndrome plus	11
SREBP	sterol regulatory element-binding protein	49
SSc-ILD	systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease	9
SSG	sodium stibogluconate	20
SSR	sympathetic skin response	274
SSRI	selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor	254
SSTR2	somatostatin receptor subtype 2	4
StAR	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	19
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	35
STEADI	Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries	2
STEMI	ST-elevation myocardial infarction	72
STI	sexually transmitted infection	96
STIR	short tau inversion recovery	3
SULT1A1	sulfotransferase 1A1	0
SUV	standardized uptake value	25
SUVmax	maximum standardized uptake value	4
SUVmean	mean standardized uptake value	2
SV40	simian virus 40	7
SVR12	sustained virologic response at 12 weeks	7
SWI	susceptibility-weighted imaging	48
T-ACE	T-ACE questionnaire	4
T3SS	type III secretion system	25
TA-TMA	transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy	38
TAFI	thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor	18
TBI	toe-brachial index	27
TBSRTC	The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology	1
Tc-99m	technetium-99m	3
TcPO2	transcutaneous oxygen pressure	28
Tdap	tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine	49
TdP	torsades de pointes	74
TENS	transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation	2
TEVAR	thoracic endovascular aortic repair	28
TFPI	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	62
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta	92
THA	total hip arthroplasty	23
THCA	trihydroxycholestanoic acid	0
THF	tetrahydrofolate	36
TI-RADS	Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System	15
TIA	transient ischemic attack	51
TIG	tetanus immune globulin	28
TIMP	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases	26
TIPS	transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt	40
Tis	carcinoma in situ	37
TJC28	28-joint tender joint count	4
TKI	tyrosine kinase inhibitor	198
TMA	thrombotic microangiopathy	56
TmP/GFR	tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption per glomerular filtration rate	1
TNF	tumour necrosis factor	884
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha	144
TNM	tumor, node, metastasis	385
Torsade de pointes	torsades de pointes	2
tPA	tissue plasminogen activator	88
TPHA	Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay	19
TPO	thyroid peroxidase	148
TPPA	Treponema pallidum particle agglutination	19
TRAPS	TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)	2
TRH	thyrotropin-releasing hormone	57
TROPIQUE	TROPIQUE study	2
TRPV1	transient receptor potential vanilloid 1	7
TS1	thyroid storm 1	109
TS2	thyroid storm 2	6
TSAT	transferrin saturation	100
tsDMARD	targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug	10
TSH	thyroid-stimulating hormone	766
TTP	thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	143
TUG	Timed Up and Go test	22
TURP	transurethral resection of the prostate	23
TWEAK	TWEAK questionnaire	4
TXA2	thromboxane A2	31
TYK2	tyrosine kinase 2	9
U1 snRNP	U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein	2
UACR	urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio	59
UCP	uncoupling protein	1
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1	30
UDSMR	Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation	3
UGT	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase	39
UICC	Union for International Cancer Control	21
UIP	usual interstitial pneumonia	141
ULN	upper limit of normal	170
ULT	urate-lowering therapy	39
uPA	urokinase-type plasminogen activator	6
USPSTF	US Preventive Services Task Force	16
UTI	urinary tract infection	321
UVA	ultraviolet A	52
UVB	ultraviolet B	73
VACB	vacuum-assisted core biopsy	1
VAS	visual analog scale	35
vCJD	variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease	17
VDRL	Venereal Disease Research Laboratory	50
VEE	Venezuelan equine encephalitis	12
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor	369
VEGF-A	vascular endothelial growth factor A	36
VEGFR	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	83
VEGFR-1	VEGF receptor 1	9
VEGFR-2	VEGF receptor 2	0
VHL	von Hippel-Lindau	168
VIC	valvular interstitial cell	4
VLCFA	very-long-chain fatty acid	76
VLDL	very-low-density lipoprotein	67
VLP	virus-like particle	18
VMAT2	vesicular monoamine transporter 2	58
VRE	vancomycin-resistant enterococci	94
VTE	venous thromboembolism	273
VWD	von Willebrand disease	42
vWF	von Willebrand factor	137
VWF	von Willebrand factor	340
VZV	varicella-zoster virus	271
WAI	Walking Ability Index	21
WEE	western equine encephalitis	14
WHI	Women's Health Initiative	16
WHO	World Health Organization	2788
WPW	Wolff-Parkinson-White	51
WSES	World Society of Emergency Surgery	4
XDR-TB	extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	19
XLD	xylose lysine deoxycholate	5
XLH	X-linked hypophosphatemia	9
XOR	xanthine oxidoreductase	15
Y-BOCS	Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale	11
Y-BOCS-II	Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Second Edition	3
Y-BOCS-SR	Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Self-Report	3
YOPS	Yersinia outer proteins	10
ypTNM	post-neoadjuvant pathological TNM	8
Z-POEM	peroral endoscopic myotomy for Zenker diverticulum	2
ZSD	Zellweger spectrum disorder	27
α-Gal A	alpha-galactosidase A	8