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Year 1 · Subject
Biochemistry
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011/1Chemical structure of proteinogenic amino acids; formation and spatial structure of the peptide bond; primary structure of proteins — L Iタンパク質構成アミノ酸の化学構造；ペプチド結合の形成と立体構造；タンパク質の一次構造021/2Structural and chemical characteristics of amino acids; pH- and temperature-dependent properties — S Iアミノ酸の構造的・化学的性質；pH・温度依存的性質031/3Hierarchical structure of proteins: tertiary and quaternary structure; protein folding — L Iタンパク質の階層構造：三次・四次構造；タンパク質フォールディング041/4Quaternary structure and posttranslational modifications; structure of collagen; structural basis of protein–nucleic acid interactions — L I四次構造と翻訳後修飾；コラーゲンの構造；タンパク質-核酸相互作用の構造基盤051/5Structure–function relationships of hemoglobin and myoglobin — L Iヘモグロビンとミオグロビンの構造-機能相関061/6Protein diagnostic and structure-testing methods and their medical applications; gel electrophoresis of LDH subunits — P Iタンパク質の診断・構造解析法とその医学的応用；LDHサブユニットのゲル電気泳動071/7Interpretation of pathological conditions stemming from alterations in protein structure — S Iタンパク質構造の変化に起因する病態の解釈082/1General properties and chemical nature of enzymes; thermodynamics of catalysis and activation free energy; isoenzymes; coenzymes and vitamins; molecular mechanisms of catalysis; pH and temperature dependence — L I酵素の一般的性質と化学的本態；触媒の熱力学と活性化自由エネルギー；アイソザイム；補酵素とビタミン；触媒の分子機構；pH・温度依存性092/2Equilibrium vs non-equilibrium reactions; steady state and initial rate; Michaelis–Menten kinetics; Km and its interpretation; two-step and two-substrate reactions; cooperativity; enzyme activity units — L I平衡反応と非平衡反応；定常状態と初速度；ミカエリス・メンテン速度論；Kmとその解釈；二段階反応・二基質反応；協同性；酵素活性の単位102/3Determination of enzyme kinetic parameters — S I酵素の速度論的パラメータの決定112/4Enzyme kinetics: determination of the kinetic parameters of trypsin — P I酵素速度論：トリプシンの速度論的パラメータの決定122/5Strategies for regulation of enzyme activity (reversible ligand binding, reversible/irreversible covalent modification, protein turnover); kinetics of enzyme inhibition; relevance to drug design — L I酵素活性の調節戦略（可逆的リガンド結合、可逆的・不可逆的共有結合修飾、タンパク質代謝回転）；酵素阻害の速度論；創薬との関連132/6Structure and kinetics of metabolic pathways; regulation of flux direction and rate; rate-limiting step; identification of optimal drug targets; network adaptation and regulatory coupling — L I代謝経路の構造と速度論；フラックスの方向と速度の調節；律速段階；最適な創薬標的の同定；ネットワークの適応と調節的共役142/7Enzymes as diagnostic tools; determination of creatine kinase activity — P II診断ツールとしての酵素；クレアチンキナーゼ活性の測定153/1Thermodynamics of biochemical pathways; reversible/irreversible reactions; coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions; high-energy compounds; central role of ATP; reducing equivalents — L I生化学的経路の熱力学；可逆・不可逆反応；吸エルゴン反応と発エルゴン反応の共役；高エネルギー化合物；ATPの中心的役割；還元当量163/2Identification of metabolic pathways — S I代謝経路の同定173/3Substrate-level phosphorylation; reactions and control of the citric acid cycle; sources of citrate; the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex — L I基質レベルのリン酸化；クエン酸回路の反応と制御；クエン酸の供給源；ピルビン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ複合体183/4ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation; redox reactions of terminal oxidation; enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain — L I酸化的リン酸化によるATP合成；終末酸化の酸化還元反応；電子伝達系の酵素複合体193/5Exergonic reactions of the ETC and ATP production; mechanism of ATP synthase; regulation by energy demand; P/O ratio; inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation; uncoupling agents; heat production — L I電子伝達系の発エルゴン反応とATP産生；ATP合成酵素の機構；エネルギー需要による調節；P/O比；酸化的リン酸化の阻害薬；脱共役剤；熱産生203/6Experimental determination of the P/O ratio — P IP/O比の実験的決定214/1Structure of carbohydrates; carbohydrates in the diet; dietary fibers and additives — S I糖質の構造；食事中の糖質；食物繊維と食品添加物224/2Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates; cellular glucose uptake; glucose transporters — L I糖質の消化と吸収；細胞へのグルコース取り込み；グルコース輸送体234/3Glycolysis — L I解糖系244/4Lactic acidosis (Midterm 1) — S I乳酸アシドーシス254/5Metabolism of fructose, galactose and lactose (pathological aspects); metabolism of glycogen — L Iフルクトース・ガラクトース・ラクトースの代謝（病的側面）；グリコーゲンの代謝264/6Gluconeogenesis; Cori cycle; regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; oxidation of alcohol — L I糖新生；コリ回路；解糖系と糖新生の調節；アルコールの酸化274/7Blood glucose regulation: mobilization of glycogen in liver and muscle; phosphorylation cascade; effects of glucagon — L I血糖調節：肝・筋でのグリコーゲン動員；リン酸化カスケード；グルカゴンの作用284/8Blood glucose regulation: hyperglycaemia; insulin release; insulin receptors — L I血糖調節：高血糖；インスリン分泌；インスリン受容体294/9Signal transduction of insulin (Midterm 2) — S Iインスリンのシグナル伝達304/10Measurement of blood glucose level; non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin — P I血糖値の測定；ヘモグロビンの非酵素的糖化314/11Biochemistry of diabetes mellitus type I and type II — L I1型・2型糖尿病の生化学325/1Structure and function of the most important lipids in the body and in the diet — S I体内および食事中の主要な脂質の構造と機能335/2Membrane-forming lipids; precursors of signaling molecules — S I膜構成脂質；シグナル分子の前駆体345/3Overview of lipid metabolism; absorption of lipids; metabolism of chylomicrons — L I脂質代謝の概観；脂質の吸収；カイロミクロンの代謝355/4Tissue-specific aspects of lipoprotein lipase (LPL); LPL deficiency — S Iリポタンパクリパーゼ（LPL）の組織特異的側面；LPL欠損症365/5Mobilization of fatty acids in adipose tissue and its regulation; transport in the circulation — L I脂肪組織における脂肪酸の動員とその調節；血中輸送375/6Oxidation of fatty acids; ketone bodies — L I脂肪酸の酸化；ケトン体385/7Synthesis of fatty acids; biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipids and their regulation — L I脂肪酸の合成；トリアシルグリセロールとリン脂質の生合成とその調節395/8Metabolism of cholesterol; cholesterol transport in the circulation — L Iコレステロールの代謝；血中コレステロール輸送405/9Biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids; importance in lipid digestion; cellular cholesterol uptake and release — L I胆汁酸の生合成と代謝；脂質消化における重要性；細胞のコレステロール取り込みと放出415/10Determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in blood plasma — P I血漿中トリグリセリドとコレステロールの測定425/11Risk factors associated with cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis (diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia); biochemical basis of atherosclerosis prevention — S II動脈硬化におけるコレステロール恒常性に関わる危険因子（糖尿病・高トリグリセリド血症）；動脈硬化予防の生化学的基盤436/1Synthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex; glucocorticoids and adrenal cortex layers; mineralocorticoids, their regulation and pre-receptor specificity; sex hormones; ovarian cyclic hormone production; progesterone and estradiol in the placenta; testosterone and dihydrotestosterone — L I副腎皮質におけるステロイドホルモンの合成；糖質コルチコイドと副腎皮質の層構造；鉱質コルチコイドとその調節・受容体前特異性；性ホルモン；卵巣の周期的ホルモン産生；胎盤のプロゲステロンとエストラジオール；テストステロンとジヒドロテストステロン446/2Eicosanoids: prostaglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes; cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways — L Iエイコサノイド：プロスタグランジン・トロンボキサン・ロイコトリエン；シクロオキシゲナーゼ経路とリポキシゲナーゼ経路457/1Nitrogen balance; digestion of proteins; function and regulation of proteases; absorption of amino acids and amino acid transporters; catabolism of amino acids; elimination of ammonia; reactions and regulation of the ornithine (urea) cycle — L II窒素平衡；タンパク質の消化；プロテアーゼの機能と調節；アミノ酸の吸収とアミノ酸輸送体；アミノ酸の異化；アンモニアの排泄；オルニチン（尿素）回路の反応と調節467/2The biological significance of transamination; measurement of transaminase activity — P IIアミノ基転移の生物学的意義；トランスアミナーゼ活性の測定477/3Elimination of ammonia — S IIアンモニアの排泄487/4Degradation of amino acids: fate of the carbon skeleton; role of vitamins in amino acid metabolism — L IIアミノ酸の分解：炭素骨格の運命；アミノ酸代謝におけるビタミンの役割497/5Vitamin B12 deficiency and methylmalonic acidemias — S IIビタミンB12欠乏とメチルマロン酸血症508/1Biosynthesis and degradation of heme; iron homeostasis — L IIヘムの生合成と分解；鉄の恒常性518/2Determination of total and direct serum bilirubin — P II血清総ビリルビン・直接ビリルビンの測定528/3Structure and function of nucleotides; fate of dietary nucleotides; formation and elimination of uric acid and its metabolic role; synthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides; effects of cytostatic drugs on nucleotide metabolism — L IIヌクレオチドの構造と機能；食事由来ヌクレオチドの運命；尿酸の生成・排泄とその代謝的役割；プリン・ピリミジンヌクレオチドの合成と分解；細胞増殖抑制薬のヌクレオチド代謝への影響539/1Integration of metabolism; metabolism of red blood cells; red blood cell enzymopathies; kidney metabolism and its dependence on fasting and acidosis; metabolism of muscle and heart; comparison of kidney and liver gluconeogenesis; metabolic adaptation to physical effort — L II代謝の統合；赤血球の代謝；赤血球酵素異常症；腎臓の代謝と絶食・アシドーシスへの依存；筋・心臓の代謝；腎臓と肝臓の糖新生の比較；運動への代謝適応549/2Metabolic characteristics of brain and adipose tissue; metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells and lymphocytes; the starvation–feeding cycle and its regulation; regulation of hepatocyte metabolism in starvation — L II脳と脂肪組織の代謝的特徴；腸上皮細胞とリンパ球の代謝；飢餓-摂食サイクルとその調節；飢餓時の肝細胞代謝の調節559/3Biochemistry of exercise (Midterm 1) — S II運動の生化学569/4Acute and chronic liver disease — S II急性・慢性肝疾患579/5Metabolic syndrome; biochemistry of obesity — S IIメタボリックシンドローム；肥満の生化学589/6Nutrients regulating metabolism through alterations in gene expression — L II遺伝子発現の変化を介して代謝を調節する栄養素599/7Regulatory and adaptation signals and their mechanism of action controlled by the current metabolic state of the cell; biochemical effects and role of thyroid hormone in complex metabolic regulation and thermogenesis — L II細胞の代謝状態によって制御される調節・適応シグナルとその作用機構；複合的な代謝調節と熱産生における甲状腺ホルモンの生化学的作用と役割6010/1Membrane transporters; Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms; secondary active transport; Na+/H+ exchange transporter — L II膜輸送体；Na+/K+ ATPaseのアイソフォーム；二次性能動輸送；Na+/H+交換輸送体6110/2General characteristics of ion channels; methods of investigation; molecular mechanism of gating and permeation; spatial structure of the K+ channel; ion channel families; voltage-dependent and ATP-sensitive K+ channels; voltage-dependent Cl− channels; CFTR Cl− channel; nicotinic ACh receptor — L IIイオンチャネルの一般的性質；研究方法；ゲーティングと透過の分子機構；K+チャネルの立体構造；イオンチャネルファミリー；電位依存性・ATP感受性K+チャネル；電位依存性Cl−チャネル；CFTR Cl−チャネル；ニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体6211/1Molecular basis of nerve impulse transmission; acetylcholine synthesis, receptors and acetylcholinesterase; proteins of synaptic vesicle exocytosis; synthesis and metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline; neuronal transporters — L II神経インパルス伝達の分子基盤；アセチルコリンの合成・受容体・アセチルコリンエステラーゼ；シナプス小胞エキソサイトーシスのタンパク質；アドレナリン・ノルアドレナリンの合成と代謝；神経細胞の輸送体6311/2Adrenergic receptors; molecular mechanism of adrenaline/noradrenaline effects in individual organs; synthesis and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin; transporter and receptor properties; biochemical foundations of Parkinson's disease; glutamate and GABA receptors — L IIアドレナリン受容体；各臓器におけるアドレナリン／ノルアドレナリン作用の分子機構；ドパミンとセロトニンの合成と代謝；輸送体と受容体の性質；パーキンソン病の生化学的基盤；グルタミン酸受容体とGABA受容体6411/3The relationship between metabolism and the functions of the nervous system — S II代謝と神経系の機能との関係6512/1General overview of blood clot formation and elimination; fibrinogen and fibrin; prothrombin activation and regulation of thrombin activity; triggers of blood clotting and amplification of the initiation — L II血栓の形成と除去の概観；フィブリノゲンとフィブリン；プロトロンビンの活性化とトロンビン活性の調節；血液凝固の引き金と開始の増幅6612/2Fibrinolysis; activation of plasminogen; inhibitors of plasmin; inhibitors of blood coagulation and negative feedback mechanisms — L II線維素溶解（線溶）；プラスミノゲンの活性化；プラスミンの阻害因子；血液凝固の阻害因子と負のフィードバック機構6712/3Cellular elements of the haemostatic system; platelets and von Willebrand factor; neutrophils and endothelial cells; hemodynamic and biochemical interactions; endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis; LDL oxidation and pattern-recognition receptors (TLR, scavenger receptors) — L II止血系の細胞要素；血小板とフォン・ヴィレブランド因子；好中球と内皮細胞；血行動態的・生化学的相互作用；動脈硬化における内皮機能障害；LDLの酸化とパターン認識受容体（TLR・スカベンジャー受容体）6812/4Molecular background of congenital thrombophilia; APTI, PTI evaluations — P II先天性血栓性素因の分子的背景；APTI・PTIの評価6912/5Molecular background of acquired thrombophilia; fibrin stabilization and investigation of soluble fibrin monomers — P II後天性血栓性素因の分子的背景；フィブリンの安定化と可溶性フィブリンモノマーの検査7013/1Characterization and classification of biotransformation reactions; Phase I and Phase II reactions; clinical significance of induction; role in drug metabolism and detoxification — L I生体内変換反応の特徴と分類；第I相・第II相反応；誘導の臨床的意義；薬物代謝と解毒における役割7114/1Extracellular matrix — S II細胞外マトリックス7215/1Molecules of central importance and drug targets of proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis (Part I) — L II増殖・分化・生存・血管新生・転移の中心的分子と創薬標的（第I部）7315/2Molecules of central importance and drug targets of proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis (Part II) — L II増殖・分化・生存・血管新生・転移の中心的分子と創薬標的（第II部）7415/3Tumor metabolism — S II腫瘍代謝