TOPIC NOTES
Pathology
201 topics
A/01
Causes, morphology and mechanism of cell necrosis
細胞壊死
A/02
Reperfusion injury
再灌流障害(再灌流傷害)
A/03
Mechanisms of apoptosis and its pathological characteristics
アポトーシス
A/04
Coagulative necrosis and its organ manifestation
凝固壊死(臓器別の所見)
A/05
Colliquative necrosis and its organ manifestation
融解壊死(液化壊死)
A/06
Hemorrhagic infarction and its organ manifestation
出血性梗塞(赤色梗塞)
A/07
Fat, caseous and fibrinoid necrosis and its organ manifestation
脂肪壊死・乾酪壊死・線維素様壊死
A/08
Acute myocardial infarction
急性心筋梗塞
A/09
Cerebral infarction
脳梗塞(脳虚血性梗塞)
A/10
Reversible cell injury, types of degeneration and its organ manifestation
可逆的細胞傷害と変性(可逆的障害)
A/11
Types of fatty degeneration and its organ manifestation
脂肪変性(脂肪沈着/脂肪化)
A/12
Atherosclerosis
アテローム性動脈硬化症(アテローム硬化)
A/13
Amyloidosis
アミロイドーシス
A/14
Cystic fibrosis
嚢胞性線維症
A/15
Hyaline accumulation and its organ manifestation
硝子様変性(ヒアリン沈着)
A/16
Anthracosis, lipofuscin, hemosiderin and melanin accumulation
炭粉沈着・リポフスチン・ヘモジデリン・メラニン沈着
A/17
Dystrophic calcification and its organ manifestation
異栄養性石灰化
A/18
Metastatic calcification and its organ manifestation
転移性石灰化
A/19
Stone formation — kidney and gallbladder stones
腎結石・胆石(形成)
A/20
Pathomechanism of atrophy and hypertrophy, examples
塞栓症
A/21
Myocardial hypertrophy and its clinical forms
心筋肥大
A/22
Pathomechanism of hyperplasia, examples
過形成
A/23
Pathomechanism of metaplasia and dysplasia, examples
化生・異形成(病態機序)
A/24
Pathomechanism of cardiac insufficiency
心不全(心機能不全)
A/25
Congestion and its organ manifestation
うっ血(受動性充血)と臓器所見
A/26
Causes and types of shock
ショック(循環不全)
A/27
Causes and types of edema
浮腫の原因と分類
A/28
Causes and types of thrombosis
血栓症:原因と種類
A/29
DIC
播種性血管内凝固症候群(DIC)
A/30
Types of emboli
塞栓の種類
A/31
Types of hemorrhages and their clinical presentation
出血の種類と臨床像
A/32
Intracranial hemorrhages
頭蓋内出血
A/33
Characteristics of acute inflammation (cellular events, chemical mediators, systemic effects, exudate, organic example)
急性炎症の特徴(細胞イベント・化学メディエーター・全身反応)
A/34
Pathomechanism and types of chronic inflammation, organic example
慢性炎症の病態機序と分類(臓器別例)
A/35
Type I and Type II hypersensitivity reactions and their pathological presentations
I型・II型過敏反応(即時型・細胞障害型)
A/36
Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions and their pathological presentations
Ⅲ型・Ⅳ型過敏反応(免疫複合体型/遅延型)
A/37
Rejection of transplants
移植拒絶反応(移植片拒絶)
A/38
Pathomechanism of autoimmune diseases
自己免疫疾患の病態機序
A/39
Systemic Lupus Erythematodes, Rheumatoid Arthritis
全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、関節リウマチ(RA)
A/40
Sjögren Syndrome, Scleroderma, Polyarteritis Nodosa
シェーグレン症候群/強皮症(全身性硬化症)/結節性多発動脈炎
A/41
Inherited and Acquired immunodeficiencies
先天性・後天性免疫不全症
A/42
AIDS
後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)
A/43
Pathogenesis of congenital anomalies
先天異常の発生機序
A/44
Disorders associated with prematurity (IRDS, NEC, Sudden Infant Death)
早産に関連する疾患(新生児呼吸窮迫症候群・壊死性腸炎・乳幼児突然死症候群)
A/45
Fetal Hydrops
胎児水腫(胎児浮腫)
A/46
Pathology of smoking-related disorders
乳幼児突然死症候群(SIDS)/早産(未熟児)
A/47
Pathology of alcohol-related disorders
アルコール関連障害の病理
A/48
Pathomechanism of obesity and its consequences, examples
肥満の病態機序と合併症
B/01
General characteristics of neoplasms (benign, malignant tumors)
腫瘍(新生物)の一般的特徴(良性・悪性)
B/02
Classification of neoplasms on histology basis
腫瘍の組織学的分類(上皮性・間葉系・造血/リンパ系など)
B/03
Characteristics of neoplasms rate growth
腫瘍の特徴(増殖速度)
B/04
Invasion and metastasis of neoplasms
腫瘍の浸潤と転移
B/05
Promotion mechanisms of oncogenes and role in carcinogenesis
がん遺伝子の活性化(プロモーション)機構
B/06
Inhibitory mechanisms of tumor suppressor genes and role in carcinogenesis
腫瘍抑制遺伝子の抑制機構と発癌における役割
B/07
EGFR, ABL and BCL2 genes and their roles in tumor development
EGFR・ABL・BCL2遺伝子(腫瘍形成への関与)
B/08
RB, p53 and APC genes and their roles in tumor development
RB遺伝子・p53遺伝子・APC遺伝子(腫瘍抑制遺伝子)
B/09
BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATM genes and their roles in tumor development
BRCA1・BRCA2・ATM遺伝子(腫瘍抑制遺伝子)
B/10
DNA repair genes and role in carcinogenesis
DNA修復遺伝子(DNA修復機構)
B/11
Cytogenetic aberrations and the role of telomer in carcinogenesis
染色体異常とテロメアの発がんへの関与
B/12
Epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, MicroRNAs) and role in carcinogenesis
エピジェネティック変化(DNAメチル化・マイクロRNA)と発癌
B/13
Inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant, recessive and familiar)
遺伝性腫瘍症候群(遺伝性がん症候群)
B/14
Viral and microbial oncogenesis
ウイルス・微生物による発がん(腫瘍形成)
B/15
Chemical and radiation carcinogenesis
化学・放射線による発癌
B/16
Tumor antigens
腫瘍抗原
B/17
Tumor immunity and immune surveillance
腫瘍免疫/免疫監視
B/18
Epidemiology of neoplasms
腫瘍の疫学
B/19
Characteristics and morphology of preneoplastic disorders
前癌病変の特徴と形態
B/20
Grading and staging of cancer
癌のグレード分類と病期分類(Grading/Staging)
B/21
Effects of tumor on host (cancer cachexia, paraneoplastic syndromes)
腫瘍の宿主への影響(悪液質・傍腫瘍症候群)
B/22
Tumors of childhood and their characteristics (neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor)
小児腫瘍の特徴(神経芽腫・網膜芽細胞腫・ウィルムス腫瘍など)
B/23
Pathological, genetic, immunological and molecular diagnostics of tumors
腫瘍の病理・遺伝・免疫・分子診断
B/24
Tumor therapy (surgical, radiation, chemo, targeted molecular and immunotherapy)
腫瘍治療(外科・放射線・化学療法・分子標的・免疫療法)
B/25
Left-sided heart failure
左心不全
B/26
Right-sided heart failure
右心不全
B/27
Congenital heart diseases
先天性心疾患
B/28
Myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death
心筋梗塞/突然心臓死
B/29
Angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease
狭心症/慢性虚血性心疾患
B/30
Hypertensive heart disease
高血圧性心疾患
B/31
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic myocarditis
リウマチ熱/リウマチ性心筋炎
B/32
Degenerative valvular heart disease (calcific aortic stenosis, mitral prolapse)
変性性弁膜症(石灰化大動脈弁狭窄・僧帽弁逸脱)
B/33
Infective endocarditis (acute and subacute)
感染性心内膜炎(急性・亜急性)
B/34
Noninfective endocarditis (thrombotic endocarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis)
非感染性心内膜炎(非細菌性血栓性/リブマン・サックス)
B/35
Valvular vitiums and their consequences
弁膜症(弁膜障害)とその結果
B/36
Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathies
心筋炎・心筋症
B/37
Cor pulmonale
肺性心(Cor pulmonale)
B/38
Arteriolosclerosis
細動脈硬化症(細動脈硬化)
B/39
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
動脈瘤/大動脈解離
B/40
Arteritis and Phlebitis
動脈炎・静脈炎(血管炎)
B/41
Varices, varicosities and disorders of the lymphatic vessels
静脈瘤・リンパ管疾患(静脈瘤/リンパ浮腫など)
B/42
Cardiac and vascular tumors
心臓・血管腫瘍
C/1
Diagnostic methods of hematology (biopsy, flow cytometry, histochemical, cytogenetic, molecular diagnosis)
血液学の診断法(生検・フローサイトメトリー等)
C/2
Anemias of diminished erythropoiesis
造血低下による貧血(低形成性貧血など)
C/3
Anemia of blood loss
出血性貧血(失血性貧血)
C/4
Non-neoplastic disorders of myeloid and lymphoid system
骨髄・リンパ系の非腫瘍性疾患
C/5
CML and chronic myelofibrosis
慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)/慢性骨髄線維症
C/6
Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia
真性多血症/本態性血小板血症
C/7
Disorders of the spleen and thymus
脾臓・胸腺の疾患
C/8
Myelodysplastic syndromes
骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)
C/9
Acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma
急性骨髄性白血病(AML)/リンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫
C/10
Precursor T- and B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
前駆T・Bリンパ芽球性白血病/リンパ腫
C/11
CLL, hairy cell leukemia
慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)/有毛細胞白血病
C/12
Multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders
多発性骨髄腫/形質細胞疾患
C/13
Follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
濾胞性リンパ腫/マントル細胞リンパ腫/節外辺縁帯(MALT)リンパ腫
C/14
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma
びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL)/バーキットリンパ腫
C/15
Mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
菌状息肉症/セザリー症候群/末梢T細胞リンパ腫
C/16
Hodgkin lymphoma
ホジキンリンパ腫
C/17
Disorders that causes splenomegaly
C/18
Atelectasis and acute respiratory distress syndrome
無気肺/ARDS(急性呼吸窮迫症候群)
C/19
Obstructive lung diseases — COPD
閉塞性肺疾患(COPDなど)
C/20
Obstructive lung diseases — bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis
閉塞性肺疾患(気管支喘息・気管支拡張症)
C/21
Chronic interstitial (restrictive) lung diseases
慢性間質性(拘束性)肺疾患
C/22
Pulmonary diseases of vascular origin — pulmonary embolism, hemorrhage, and infarction
肺血管原性疾患(肺塞栓・肺出血・肺梗塞)
C/23
Pulmonary hypertension
肺高血圧症
C/24
Pulmonary infections (except tuberculosis)
肺感染症(結核以外)
C/25
Granulomatous diseases of the lung
肺の肉芽腫性疾患
C/26
Primary and metastatic tumors of the lung
肺腫瘍(原発・転移)
C/27
Pathology of the pleura and pericardium
胸膜・心膜の病理
C/28
Lesions of the upper respiratory tract
上気道の病変
C/29
Tumors of nasal passages, nasopharynx and larynx
鼻腔・上咽頭・喉頭の腫瘍
C/30
Pathology of lips, oral cavity and pharynx
口唇・口腔・咽頭の病理
C/31
Salivary gland diseases
唾液腺疾患
C/32
Pathology of esophagus
食道の病理
C/33
Gastritis
胃炎
C/34
Peptic ulcers
消化性潰瘍
C/35
Gastric tumors
胃腫瘍
C/36
Developmental anomalies and vascular disorders of the GI tract
消化管の発生異常・血管障害
C/37
Malabsorption
吸収不良症候群
C/38
Enterocolitis
腸炎(Enterocolitis)
C/39
Colonic diverticulosis and bowel obstruction
結腸憩室症/腸閉塞
C/40
Inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease)
炎症性腸疾患(潰瘍性大腸炎・クローン病)
C/41
Vermiform appendix and peritoneum
虫垂・腹膜の病理
C/42
Tumors of the small and large intestines
小腸・大腸の腫瘍
C/43
Liver failure
肝不全
C/44
Cholestatic liver syndromes (PBC, PSC)
胆汁うっ滞性肝疾患(PBC・PSC)
C/45
Pathophysiology of jaundice, defects of bilirubin and bile formation. Cholelithiasis
黄疸の病態生理/ビリルビン代謝異常/胆石症
C/46
Circulatory disorders of liver
肝の循環障害
C/47
Acute and chronic hepatitis
急性・慢性肝炎
C/48
Alcohol- and drug-induced liver diseases
アルコール・薬物性肝障害
C/49
Metabolic and inherited liver diseases
代謝性・遺伝性肝疾患
C/50
Liver cirrhosis
肝硬変
C/51
Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the liver
肝腫瘍・腫瘍様病変
C/52
Inflammations and tumors of the biliary system and gallbladder
胆道系・胆嚢の炎症と腫瘍
C/53
Pancreatitis
膵炎
C/54
Diabetes mellitus
糖尿病
C/55
Tumors of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas
膵腫瘍(外分泌・内分泌)
C/56
End-stage kidney and renal failure
末期腎・腎不全
C/57
Developmental abnormalities and cystic diseases of the kidney
腎の発生異常・嚢胞性疾患
C/58
Pathogenesis of glomerular diseases
糸球体疾患の発症機序
C/59
The nephritic syndrome
腎炎症候群(ネフリティック)
C/60
The nephrotic syndrome
ネフローゼ症候群
C/61
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
急速進行性糸球体腎炎(RPGN)
C/62
Systemic diseases associated glomerular damage
全身性疾患に伴う糸球体障害
C/63
Vascular diseases of the kidney
腎血管疾患
C/64
Diabetic nephropathy
糖尿病性腎症
C/65
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
急性尿細管壊死(ATN)
C/66
Acute and chronic pyelonephritis
急性・慢性腎盂腎炎
C/67
Urolithiasis and urinary outflow obstructions
尿路結石・尿路閉塞
C/68
Tumors of kidney
腎腫瘍
C/69
Tumors of the urinary bladder and collecting system
膀胱・尿路上皮系の腫瘍
C/70
Diseases of the vulva and vagina
外陰・膣の疾患
C/71
Pathology of the uterine cervix
子宮頸部の病理
C/72
Endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis
子宮内膜炎/内膜増殖症/子宮内膜症
C/73
Tumors of the endometrium and myometrium
子宮内膜・筋層の腫瘍
C/74
Non-neoplastic diseases of the ovary and fallopian tube
卵巣・卵管の非腫瘍性疾患
C/75
Ovarian tumors
卵巣腫瘍
C/76
Pathology of pregnancy
妊娠の病理
C/77
Benign epithelial lesions and benign tumors of the breast
乳腺の良性上皮性病変・良性腫瘍
C/78
Malignant tumors of the breast
乳腺の悪性腫瘍
C/79
Diseases of the penis, scrotum and epididymis
陰茎・陰嚢・精巣上体の疾患
C/80
Inflammatory lesions of the testis and epididymis. Cryptorchidism and testicular atrophy
精巣・精巣上体の炎症性病変/停留精巣/精巣萎縮
C/81
Tumors of the testis
精巣腫瘍
C/82
Prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia
前立腺炎/前立腺肥大症(BPH)
C/83
Carcinoma of the prostate
前立腺癌
C/84
Hypo- and hyperfunctions of the hypothalamic-hypophysial system
視床下部・下垂体系の機能低下・亢進
C/85
Thyroiditis, hypo- and hyperfunctions of the thyroid gland
甲状腺炎/甲状腺機能低下・亢進
C/86
Tumors of thyroid gland
甲状腺腫瘍
C/87
Pathology of the parathyroid glands
副甲状腺の病理
C/88
Hypo- and hyperfunctions and tumors of the adrenal gland
副腎の機能異常・腫瘍
C/89
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) and carcinoid syndrome
多発性内分泌腫瘍症(MEN)/カルチノイド症候群
C/90
Congenital diseases of bone
骨の先天性疾患
C/91
Acquired diseases of bone development (osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia)
後天性骨疾患(骨粗鬆症・くる病・骨軟化症)
C/92
Osteomyelitis. Paget's disease
骨髄炎/Paget病
C/93
Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bone
骨腫瘍・腫瘍様病変
C/94
Degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases
変性性・炎症性関節疾患
C/95
Muscular atrophy, dystrophies and myositis
筋萎縮・筋ジストロフィー・筋炎
C/96
Tumors of skeletal and smooth muscles
骨格筋・平滑筋腫瘍
C/97
Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiated soft tissue tumors
線維芽細胞・筋線維芽細胞分化軟部腫瘍
C/98
Tumors of adipose tissue
脂肪組織腫瘍
C/99
Soft tissue tumors of uncertain origin
由来不明の軟部腫瘍
C/100
Blistering skin disorders (pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis)
水疱性皮膚疾患(天疱瘡・水疱性類天疱瘡・疱疹状皮膚炎)
C/101
Inflammatory skin diseases
炎症性皮膚疾患
C/102
Melanocytic tumors
メラノサイト系腫瘍
C/103
Non-melanocytic skin tumors
非メラノサイト系皮膚腫瘍
C/104
Pathology of increased intracranial pressure (edema, herniation and hydrocephalus)
頭蓋内圧亢進の病理(浮腫・ヘルニア・水頭症)
C/105
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system
中枢神経系の先天奇形
C/106
Cerebrovascular diseases (hypoxia, ischemia, infarction)
脳血管障害(低酸素・虚血・梗塞)
C/107
Neurodegenerative and prion diseases
神経変性疾患・プリオン病
C/108
Intracranial haemorrhages
頭蓋内出血
C/109
Infections of the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis)
中枢神経系感染症(髄膜炎・脳炎)
C/110
Diseases of myelin
髄鞘疾患(脱髄性疾患)
C/111
Tumors of central and peripheral nervous system
中枢・末梢神経系腫瘍